Pathophysiological mechanisms of sugar addiction
Sugar activates the brain's dopaminergic reward system, in a similar way to addictive substances such as nicotine.
When sweet foods are consumed, dopamine is released in the nucleus accumbens, a region involved in pleasure and motivation. This activation provides a feeling of well-being that encourages the repetition of the behavior, reinforcing the consumption of sugar.
Over time, dopaminergic receptors become desensitized, requiring higher doses of sugar to obtain the same sensation of pleasure, a phenomenon comparable to that observed in drug and tobacco addictions.
Sugar also influences insulin and leptin, hormones that regulate hunger and metabolism.
Excessive sugar consumption can lead to insulin resistance, a key factor in pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes, and disrupt appetite regulation by reducing sensitivity to leptin, thus promoting weight gain and obesity.
Sugar, obesity and prediabetes
The rapid rise in blood sugar levels following ingestion of refined sugars leads to a spike in insulin, which promotes fat storage, and a sharp drop in blood glucose levels, generating feelings of hunger and a craving for sugar. This vicious circle contributes to weight gain and obesity.
Excess abdominal fat aggravates insulin resistance. In addition, excessive sugar consumption alters the intestinal microbiota, further disrupting metabolism and increasing chronic inflammation.
Link between sugar and other addictions (tobacco, alcohol, mobile gaming, etc.)
Studies show a strong correlation between sugar consumption and that of other addictive substances such as tobacco. Smokers tend to consume more sugar and sweetened beverages, while former smokers, deprived of nicotine, may compensate by increasing sugar consumption.
The underlying mechanism relies on common dopaminergic circuitry, explaining why apparently different substances can provoke similar addictive behaviors.
How to reduce sugar addiction
- Eat a balanced diet rich in fiber,
- Eat proteins like lean chicken, eggs or nuts to curb sweet cravings and stabilize your blood sugar,
- Avoid foods with a high glycemic index,
- Regular physical activity,
- Sleep and stress management
- Gradual reduction of sugar
Learn more about Pep2Dia to maintain a healthy glycemia!
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Slideshow: The Truth About Sugar Addiction
https://www.webmd.com/diet/ss/slideshow-sugar-addiction