Diabetes is a growing public health problem worldwide, representing a major challenge for healthcare professionals. The number of people with Prediabetes, a condition where blood glucose levels are abnormally high but not yet at the stage of diabetes, is increasing rapidly. This phenomenon is particularly marked in Africa and Asia. According to projections, the current number of people with prediabetes is set to rise by 33% by mid-century.
Pre-diabetes is defined by glucose levels that are above normal, but below the diagnostic thresholds for diabetes. It can be detected by several criteria, such as abnormal fasting blood glucose levels, glucose intolerance after an oral glucose tolerance test, or increased glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels. However, there is no international consensus on precise diagnostic criteria, leading to variations in the number of people diagnosed between countries and health organizations.
Prediabetes is closely linked to factors such as obesity, a sedentary lifestyle and a high-calorie diet. These factors contribute to a significant increase in the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, as well as serious cardiovascular complications, including diseases affecting large arteries (macrovascular disease) and small blood vessels (microvascular disease).
Despite the seriousness of this condition, there are promising solutions. Studies have shown that prediabetes can be reversed or effectively managed. Adopting a healthier lifestyle, including a balanced diet and increased physical activity, can reduce the risk of progression to type 2 diabetes. Drug treatments can also be used to prevent this progression and limit the associated complications. Targeted interventions could better control the progression of Prediabetes and improve the health of populations worldwide, particularly in regions where the incidence of this condition is rising sharply
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Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in youth: an emerging epidemic disease?
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Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2008 Apr;15(2):123-7. doi: 10.1097/MED.0b013e3282f57251.